Sudan’s ongoing instability stems from decades of international hesitance and missed opportunities, highlighted by the ineffective response to the War in Darfur and the failure to support civilian aspirations after the 2019 ousting of President Al-Bashir. The military coup in 2021 further undermined civilian-led governance, exacerbating conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces. Current international focus, particularly from the Trump administration, could influence Gulf nations to support civilian voices, but effective African leadership is crucial for sustainable peace. A united effort from the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the African Union (AU) is essential to prioritize civilian needs over external interests.
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