What You Need to Know
• The war with Iran has prompted Gulf states to rethink their security strategies and partnerships.
• Following Iran’s missile strike on Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar in June 2025, vulnerabilities have become apparent.
• The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement between Saudi Arabia, Turkiye, and Pakistan emphasizes collective security among these nations.
Six months into the conflict with Iran, Gulf states are reassessing their security frameworks and alliances. Following Iran’s missile strike on Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar in June 2025, the war has highlighted the vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure, including cities and energy facilities. This shift has led to a reevaluation of existing security arrangements, with Gulf Cooperation Council states enhancing cooperation among themselves and with new partners, such as Turkiye and European nations. A notable development is the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, which involves Saudi Arabia, Turkiye, and Pakistan, declaring that an armed attack on one member would be considered an attack on all, drawing parallels to NATO’s collective defense principle.
Why It Matters
The evolving security landscape in the Gulf is significant due to the historical reliance on the United States for defense. The traditional security structure, which included bilateral relationships with Western nations and a regional framework through the Gulf Cooperation Council, is now being challenged. The recent conflict has underscored the need for a more integrated and responsive security ecosystem among Gulf states. The emergence of new defense agreements and partnerships reflects a strategic shift aimed at addressing immediate operational threats and enhancing regional stability.
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