The Gulf states’ efforts to broker peace with Iran were met with attacks in 2024 and 2025, despite years of dialogue. Iran’s legal defense for these actions, based on self-defense and UN resolutions, is legally flawed and lacks proportionality. Iran’s interpretation of Resolution 3314 to justify attacks on US military bases in the Gulf is also questioned, as it does not align with the resolution’s purpose and criteria for defining aggression.
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