The hiking trail to Middleham Falls on the Caribbean island of Dominica is all wet leaves, slippery black stones and steps formed by tree roots. It could be a path in Middle-earth, shrouded, shadowy and green, fit for hobbits and fairies. Where sunlight pierced the canopy, rainbows formed in the mist, almost close enough to poke. Here and there, hummingbirds drew nectar from huge blossoms.
The goal on that January day: a 200-foot forest cascade filling and refilling little pools on the valley floor, where I could — as one does in the secret hot pools and isolated waterfalls of Dominica — shed my clothes, slip into water and commune with the hummingbirds like a fairy queen.
Dominica, 29 miles long and, at its widest, 16 miles across, is one of the wildest Caribbean islands. A former British colony, it lies in the eastern Caribbean between Guadeloupe and Martinique. Many travelers base themselves in its capital, Roseau. Thanks in part to its rugged topography, bisected by a volcanic mountain range with Jurassic-looking conical peaks, the island was the last Caribbean island to be colonized by Europeans.
Even today, getting to, and around, this tropical bastion, a New York Times 52 Places to Go in 2024 pick, takes a taste for adventure, patience and a strong stomach. There are few direct flights from the United States and once one lands, the journey is not over. Driving around the island in a rental car — to lodging, hikes and snorkeling sites, and to visit local experts — usually involved long, queasy rides on narrow concrete ribbons hacked through mountain jungle in the last century by pickax, shovel and wheelbarrow.
A place of ups and downs
The island is a big draw for hikers who enjoy a challenge: Walking almost anywhere beyond the coast involves going up or down. Boiling Lake, a flooded volcanic fumarole and popular attraction, lies at the end of a strenuous three-hour trek from the village of Laudat. The government is building a cable car, scheduled to be completed late this year, that will whisk visitors from near Laudat to the lake in just 15 minutes.
Even after the cable car opens, hikers will be able to choose from a network of mountain paths, including the 115-mile Waitukubuli National Trail, which traverses the entire island in 14 stages and takes six days to complete. (Waitukubuli is the Indigenous name for the island.)
Dominica, which brands itself as the Nature Island, has tried to protect its wild side. The route to Middleham Falls is one of dozens of marked and unmarked hiking trails around the volcanic 17,000-acre Morne Trois Pitons National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Offshore, the government has opened a new reserve for sperm whales, complementing a marine reserve that protects coral and reef animals. And locals have joined the effort. For the past year, Simon Walsh, who runs Nature Island Dive, and his fellow divers have been painstakingly applying an amoxicillin caulk to corals showing signs of stony coral tissue loss disease, which has been spreading around the Caribbean for about a decade.
My travel companion and I snorkeled in the reef near the dive shop at Bubble Beach (so named for the tiny bubbles from volcanic springs rising from the sand), and easily spotted the white medicine outlining the disease-damaged spots.
Mr. Walsh had plans to save some specimens from coral bleaching, a devastating phenomenon linked to climate change, by transferring some into tanks to protect them from another summer of record-high water temperatures. But a tragic turn of events has put that effort in jeopardy.
Mr. Walsh has operated both coral rescue projects through a nonprofit called REZDM. The organization, formed after Hurricane Maria ravaged the island in 2017, received much of its funding from Daniel Langlois, a Canadian philanthropist who had built an off-the-grid resort near the town of Soufriere. Last November, Mr. Langlois and his partner were killed, a rare crime on a largely safe island. The police have charged the American owner of a neighboring estate, who had reportedly been feuding with Mr. Langlois over the use of a road through his property, and a Florida man, with murder. Mr. Walsh doesn’t know whether the projects will continue to receive funding.
A garden everywhere you go
Dominica receives up to 250 inches of rain annually, feeding crystal streams, waterfalls and thousands of acres of lush forest. Hurricanes like the Category 5 storm Maria have ravaged and reshaped the island repeatedly over the centuries.
The upside to all that precipitation is the Edenic ecosystem. Much of the island feels like an untamed garden. Spectacular blossoms peek from profuse green almost everywhere. Birds of paradise and other dazzling flowers sprout like weeds. Grab a handful of tall grass on a roadside, crush it and inhale lemongrass. Pluck a berry from a tree and it could be one of a half dozen types of cherry. Twenty-pound globes of jackfruit, rock hard and encased in bright green, elephant-skin-like hide, dangle from branches.
Fantastic private gardens also cultivate many of these wild plants. Jungle Bay Resort in Soufriere claims to have 75 different tropical fruit trees in its garden, a number we doubted until its owner, Sam Raphael, marched us around for 45 minutes, ticking off and letting us taste dozens of species. On the edge of Roseau, the entrance to the 40-acre Dominica Botanic Garden, established in 1889, is marked by a tree whose branches, leafless when I visited, sprout large, fluffy yellow flowers that resemble peonies — a great beauty with a whimsical name, buttercup tree.
At Papillote Wilderness Retreat, we were able to spend the night in a garden. Situated a few hundred yards below Trafalgar Falls, a double waterfall, Papillote predates many of the other eco-friendly establishments on the island. Its owner, Anne Jno Baptiste, came from New York in 1961 and bought the land, including its 40-foot waterfall and steaming volcanic springs, to create a botanical garden. Now 94, she is modest about her garden and philosophical about the challenges. She has survived five major hurricanes. “We’ve had some landslides,” she says. “You see, everything changes. Life is like that. You just pick up the pieces.”
The retreat is a charmingly ramshackle landmark with a few simple rooms. Steps wind underneath Day-Glo orange and pink flowers and giant ferns to a secret garden. Twice daily, we wandered down and found out what standing under a 40-foot waterfall does for sore shoulders, then plunged into a hot pool for a long soak. Our accommodations also had a perpetually bubbling tub of hot volcanic water inside the bathroom. Our room went for $130 a night (as with many places on the island, we paid in U.S. dollars, worth about 2.7 Eastern Caribbean dollars, the local currency).
Ambitious plans and rising fears
The historian Lennox Honychurch is among the islanders who worry about the government’s plans to expand and modernize tourist infrastructure. Like many Caribbean islands, Dominica is conflicted between the demands of snowbirds with money who want luxury accommodations and easier air access and environmentalists and advocates of a scaled-down, sustainable local economy who fear losing the “nature” part of their island.
Besides the cable car to Boiling Lake, builders are working on a large, new international airport, about a one-hour drive from the capital, which is expected to be completed by 2027, according to Samuel Johnson, chief executive of the International Airport Development Company of Dominica. And the government is planning to welcome half a million cruise ship visitors annually. “Their dream is to have big, glitzy hotels with marble lobbies,” Mr. Honychurch said.
Denise Charles-Pemberton, the tourism minister, didn’t deny that she wanted more tourists and more direct flights. But she insisted that the government was also focused on environmental protection. “We want our visitors to be responsible, to understand that our vision is to be a great destination, and when they come they have to be respectful to nature,” she said.
For now, upscale food and lodging are available, but they’re not the norm. A few high-end resorts serve good meals — but at prices that would raise eyebrows even in Miami or New York. The best food options in terms of taste, price and ambience are roadside shacks and kiosks with outdoor tables.
In Soufriere, we bought plates of takeout chicken stew for about $5.90 each at the shed-size, pastel blue Teachers Place. We ate stewed fish ($15) on the porch of the River Rock…
