Bosnia and Herzegovina remains scarred by ethnic cleansing campaigns from the 1992-1995 war, which killed 100,000 and displaced two million. The conflict was triggered by ethnic tensions post-Yugoslavia breakup, culminating in the 1995 Srebrenica genocide. The war began when Bosnia declared independence in 1992, leading to attacks by Bosnian Serb forces and a siege of Sarajevo. About 104,000 were killed, mostly civilians, and 2.2 million displaced, with atrocities including ethnic cleansing, mass rape, and the siege of Sarajevo.
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