In response to the February 28 attacks by the US and Israel on Iran, Tehran has intensified its regional military efforts, particularly in Iraq, where it supports the Shi’ite militias known as Hashd al-Sha’abi. These militias, linked to the Iraqi state, have been implicated in over 700 attacks against US targets, including the US Embassy in Baghdad, and have reportedly kidnapped a US journalist. There are growing concerns that these militias may also be mobilized to support Iran directly, possibly deploying to Iranian regions like Kurdistan. The Hashd al-Sha’abi, which operates under the umbrella of Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces, has ties to Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and allegations suggest that some militia members have already crossed into Iran to assist the regime during ongoing protests. Meanwhile, Iraq’s political instability, exacerbated by the absence of a new prime minister since the November 2025 elections, is creating an environment where these militias can thrive.
Why It Matters
The involvement of Hashd al-Sha’abi in both Iraq and Iran highlights the complex relationship between Iraqi militias and Iranian authorities, underscored by historical ties dating back to the Iran-Iraq War. These militias, while officially part of Iraq’s security forces, often operate outside legal frameworks and engage in activities that align with Iranian interests. This not only affects regional security dynamics but also illustrates the ongoing influence of Iran in Iraq, particularly amid the political chaos and protests against foreign involvement. The situation underscores the potential for escalating conflict in the region, as these militias may further entrench Iran’s foothold and expand its military capabilities.
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