Jakarta has become the world’s largest city with a population of 42 million, surpassing Tokyo, which has seen a decline in growth. The Indonesian capital faces significant challenges such as traffic congestion, pollution, and flooding, leading to plans to relocate the capital to Borneo, albeit delayed. In comparison, London has a population of 9.8 million and operates extensive transit systems, including TransJakarta. UN research indicates that urban areas now house 45% of the global population, with projections showing continued growth in megacities.
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