Russian President Vladimir Putin faces mounting financial pressure as the invasion of Ukraine continues, with Western sanctions and a depleted labour force straining the economy. The Central Bank of Russia’s interest rate has risen to 21%, the highest since the conflict began, leading to increased costs of debt for businesses. Inflation is expected to reach 8.5% this year and intensify in 2025 as government spending on defense rises, exacerbating trade-offs between controlling inflation and supporting economic growth.
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