This article discusses the often-overlooked internal trade barriers that hinder economic growth within large countries, alongside the focus on external tariffs. It highlights examples like Canada’s interprovincial trade restrictions, which are estimated to equate to a 21% tariff, and the U.S.’s state-specific regulations that complicate business operations across state lines, costing billions annually. Additionally, it addresses similar issues in developing nations like China and India, where local protectionism and bureaucratic hurdles exacerbate income disparities and slow business activity.
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