The collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime in December 2024 marked a pivotal moment in Syria’s history after over five decades of dynastic rule and nearly fourteen years of civil conflict. In the wake of Assad’s fall, Israeli forces swiftly initiated one of their largest air campaigns targeting Syrian military infrastructure, including air defense systems and military bases. Israeli troops also advanced into the UN-monitored buffer zone established post-1973 Arab-Israeli War, taking control of significant areas, particularly around Mount Hermon. While Israel justified its actions as necessary for preventing hostile forces from exploiting Syria’s power vacuum, there are concerns that these military operations may transition into a more permanent occupation. This situation is exacerbated by Syria’s weakened state, with over 16 million people requiring humanitarian assistance and the economy in shambles, raising questions about the long-term implications of Israel’s military presence in the region.
Why It Matters
The ongoing instability in Syria has historical roots, with the country facing significant challenges in governance and reconstruction in the aftermath of the civil war. As of now, over 90 percent of the Syrian population lives below the poverty line, and the Syrian pound has lost nearly all its pre-war value. The presence of Israeli forces in southern Syria is reminiscent of past occupations, which often began under the guise of security but evolved into long-term territorial control. With the potential for renewed Syrian nationalism in response to foreign military presence, the dynamics of power in the region may shift significantly, impacting both local communities and international relations.
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