Why India’s ‘BIMARU’ States Have Remained So

The Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation released the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey for 2023-24, showing an increase in average monthly per capita expenditure in rural and urban areas by approximately 9% and 8%, respectively. The data highlights a narrowing urban-rural MPCE gap, a shift towards non-food expenditure, and a decline in food spending, particularly on cereals. Furthermore, the findings indicate a decrease in consumption inequality and positive trends in bridging economic disparities. However, states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha still report lower MPCE levels compared to the national average, underscoring the importance of their development for national poverty reduction and economic growth.

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