Sofia Gubaidulina, Composer Who Provoked Soviet Censors, Dies at 93

Sofia Gubaidulina, a Tatar-Russian composer, passed away at 93 in Germany after defying Soviet restrictions with her religiously inspired music. She blended biblical texts with folk traditions and explored the divine-human relationship in her compositions, often using unique instruments like the bayan. Despite facing Soviet censorship and persecution, Gubaidulina’s innovative approach to music and dedication to spirituality earned her international acclaim and recognition as a pioneering figure in contemporary classical music.

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