Sir Keir Starmer’s government is set to implement significant changes to penal policy, aiming to alleviate chronic overcrowding in jails in England and Wales by eliminating jail time for offenders with sentences under a year, as recommended by an independent review. Justice Secretary Shabana Mahmood is expected to accept most of the recommendations, which advocate for reduced prison terms and increased use of deferred sentences, while facing political pushback from opposition figures concerned about public safety. The review emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment, highlighting that short sentences often fail to deter crime and lead to reoffending.