The Gulf region is facing potential crises that may arise not from military confrontations but rather from attacks on energy infrastructure, including oil refineries, liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities, and desalination plants. With energy resources, water, and maritime trade interlinked, disruptions could have widespread repercussions on global markets and human security. To mitigate these risks, an “energy non-aggression pact” is proposed, aimed at protecting critical infrastructure across Gulf Cooperation Council states, Iran, and Iraq. The 2019 attacks on Saudi Arabia’s oil facilities highlighted the vulnerability of energy infrastructure, revealing how targeted strikes can threaten both local economies and international energy supply. The pact would prohibit attacks on energy facilities and call for cooperation to prevent non-state actors from conducting such strikes.
Why It Matters
Energy security in the Gulf is crucial not only for economic stability but also for human security, as many Gulf states rely on energy for water desalination and other essential services. The region’s strategic significance is underscored by its control over key maritime routes, such as the Strait of Hormuz, through which a significant portion of the world’s oil passes. Historical incidents, including the 2019 attacks, demonstrate how disruptions to energy infrastructure can quickly escalate into broader security concerns, affecting both local populations and global energy markets. An energy non-aggression pact could serve as a stabilizing measure in a region characterized by geopolitical tensions and interdependence.
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