China’s economy grew 5 percent in 2025, meeting Beijing’s target despite one of its weakest expansions in decades, as surging exports countered weak consumer spending and a property downturn. In the final quarter, growth slowed to an annualized 4.5 percent, down from 4.8 percent and 5.2 percent in the previous quarters. The National Bureau of Statistics noted ongoing challenges, including weak domestic demand and a significant drop in real estate investment. Retail sales also saw their slowest growth since late 2022, increasing only 0.9 percent in December.
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