In 1920, Poland established its first ammunition factory to support its newly regained independence against the Soviet Red Army, but a century later, the same factory struggles to meet current defense needs amid rising Russian aggression. The Niewiadów plant symbolizes Poland’s manufacturing decline, with executives criticizing the state-controlled Polish Armaments Group for failing to enhance domestic production capabilities. Despite Poland’s high military spending and some successes, such as a contract to supply TNT to the US and production of fighting vehicles, serious concerns remain about ammunition shortages, with a defense official warning supplies could last only one to two weeks in a conflict.
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